BMC Womens Health

BACKGROUND: The French national cancer institute (INCa) conducted a series of studies to assist decision-making in view of the implementation of organised cervical cancer screening that will be launched in 2018. The programme will concern all women aged 25-65 and targeted interventions will be developed for underscreened populations. This is an evolution from an equality-based approach to a step-by-step strategy of equity aiming to tackle health cancer inequalities that are avoidable and represents unfair differences. Here we present the work of the expert-group in ethics drafted by INCa to review the ethical issues prior to the programme implementation. DISCUSSION: We discuss the value of such a strategy and presents reflections with regard to issues of stigmatization, respect for individual freedom and autonomy. Indeed, the balance has to be found between the search for beneficence and the potential occurrence of perverse effects, which should be considered with particular attention. CONCLUSION: Moving toward an equity-oriented policy under a strategy of proportionate universalism faces a number of challenges, thus an overview of ethics and social sciences must be an integral part of the process

Criblage virtuel (les essais in silico)

PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Stimulating effects of two plant growth-promoting bacteria, Enterobacter ludwigii Ez-185-17 and Raoultella terrigena Ez-555-6, on flax culture

2nd International Conference on Applied Sciences (ICAS), Ton Duc Thang Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM, MAY 24-25, 2018International audienceTwo bacteria, Enterobacter ludwigii Ez-185-17 and Raoultella terrigena Ez-555-6, isolated from root nodules of Medicago lupulina from the Chernobyl exclusion zone, were identified in a previous study and shown not to disturb plant growth. The main goal of this work is to elucidate the relationships between these bacteria and flax, in particular whether they display activities such as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) properties or modulation hairy root development. In order to better understand their role in plants, some known PGPB properties were determined in comparison with several control bacteria. The influence of these bacteria on Linum usitatissimum growth under hydroponic conditions was also investigated. Our study shows that both bacteria belong to PGPB since they were able to increase considerably the root surface area of flax, especially Raoultella terrigena Ez-555-6. Significant IAA production and phosphate solubilization of Enterobacter ludwigii Ez-185-17 were highlighted, which enabled these biochemical PGPB properties to be correlated with their effects on flax growth. However, Raoultella terrigena Ez-555-6 did not express high biochemical activities, suggesting that other PGPB abilities should be studied in order to establish the link with flax growth improvement

Apport de la réflexion éthique dans l’évolution des programmes de dépistage organisé des cancers

International audienceSince 2009, the French National Cancer Institute has set up a working group on the ethics of screening programs for breast, colon and cervical cancer. Collective and individual interest, equity and respect for autonomy are the values addressed in the respective reports. Ethical analysis has highlighted issues that are specific to each programme: the importance of the information provided by health professionals in a context of uncertainty for breast cancer screening; health professionals as a relay of information, access to test and support in the colorectal cancer screening process and, for cervical cancer screening, the implementation of an organisation adapted to women populations concerned. A public health policy whose efficiency depends on the public's adhesion of screening proposals must respect a fundamental ethical principle, namely the assessment of the benefit/risk balance.Depuis 2009, l’Institut national du cancer a mis en place un groupe de réflexion sur l’éthique des programmes de dépistage des cancers du sein, du côlon et du col de l’utérus. L’intérêt collectif et individuel, l’équité et le respect de l’autonomie sont les valeurs abordées dans les rapports respectifs. L’analyse éthique a fait émerger des enjeux spécifiques à chaque programme : l’importance de l’information délivrée par les professionnels de santé dans un contexte d’incertitude, pour le dépistage du cancer du sein ; les professionnels de santé comme relais d’information, d’accès au test et d’accompagnement dans le parcours de dépistage du cancer colorectal et pour le dépistage du cancer du col de l’utérus, la mise en place d’une organisation adaptée aux populations de femmes concernées. Une politique de santé publique dont l’efficience dépend de l’adhésion de la population aux propositions de dépistage doit respecter un principe éthique fondamental qui est l’évaluation de la balance bénéfices-risques

A Review of <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> Polyphenols: Chemical Diversity and Pharmacological Activities

Pistacia lentiscus (lentisk) is a plant species of the Anacardiaceae family. It is a medicinal plant that grows wild in the Mediterranean region. This review aims to update the existing knowledge regarding P. lentiscus polyphenols by consulting references dated from 1996 to 2022. The data are organized and analyzed as follows: (i) to show the chemical diversity of phenolic products from P. lentiscus; (ii) to summarize the variability in phenolic composition and quantity; this could be attributed to plant origin, environmental conditions, phenological stage, and the polarity of the extraction solvents; (iii) to present the pharmacological properties in agreement with the traditional uses of this plant; and (iv) to demonstrate the correlation between the chemical profile and the pharmacological effect. Various compositions were observed, including phenolic acids, flavonoid glycosides, anthocyanins, catechins, and their derivatives. The biological and therapeutic potentials of lentisk extracts have been evaluated in terms of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Most of these activities are related to the phenolic composition of this plant. The content of this review will undoubtedly contribute to the choice of techniques for isolating the different bioactive molecules contained in the P. lentiscus. It is also of significance for the potential development of a micro-industrial sector based on the valorization of lentisk polyphenols

A Review of Pistacia lentiscus Polyphenols: Chemical Diversity and Pharmacological Activities

Pistacia lentiscus (lentisk) is a plant species of the Anacardiaceae family. It is a medicinal plant that grows wild in the Mediterranean region. This review aims to update the existing knowledge regarding P. lentiscus polyphenols by consulting references dated from 1996 to 2022. The data are organized and analyzed as follows: (i) to show the chemical diversity of phenolic products from P. lentiscus; (ii) to summarize the variability in phenolic composition and quantity; this could be attributed to plant origin, environmental conditions, phenological stage, and the polarity of the extraction solvents; (iii) to present the pharmacological properties in agreement with the traditional uses of this plant; and (iv) to demonstrate the correlation between the chemical profile and the pharmacological effect. Various compositions were observed, including phenolic acids, flavonoid glycosides, anthocyanins, catechins, and their derivatives. The biological and therapeutic potentials of lentisk extracts have been evaluated in terms of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Most of these activities are related to the phenolic composition of this plant. The content of this review will undoubtedly contribute to the choice of techniques for isolating the different bioactive molecules contained in the P. lentiscus. It is also of significance for the potential development of a micro-industrial sector based on the valorization of lentisk polyphenols

Structural features and bioremediation activity of an exopolysaccharide produced by a strain of Enterobacter ludwigii isolated in the Chernobyl exclusion zone

International audienceThe bacterium Enterobacter ludwigii Ez-185-17, member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, was isolated from the root nodules of plants harvested in the nuclear power region of Chernobyl. Under batch culture conditions, the bacteria produce a high-molecular-mass exopolysaccharide (EPS). After purification, the structure of this EPS was determined using a combinatory approach including monosaccharide composition (GC-FID, HPAEC-PAD) and branching structure determination (GC-MS), as well as 1D/2D NMR ((1)H, (13)C) and ESI-MS (HR, MS/MS) studies of oligosaccharides obtained from mild acid hydrolysis. The EPS was found to be a charged hexasaccharide with a repeating unit composed of d-galactose, d-glucose, l-fucose, d-glucuronic acid (2:1:2:1) and substituted with acyl and pyruvyl groups. The metal-binding properties of the exopolysaccharide were then investigated, and the results seem to indicate that the EPS decreased Cd sequestration in flax seeds

New Dual Inhibitors of Neutral Endopeptidase and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme: Rational Design, Bioavailability, and Pharmacological Responses in Experimental Hypertension

International audienc